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Quicklime

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Specification
 
Production process
  • Raw materials used to produce quicklime are rocks with a lot of calcium carbonate, mainly limestone. There are also some other types such as coral stone, dolomite stone (clay content is less than 6%).
  •   Limestone is turned into quicklime (lime, or burnt lime) is calcined in the furnace. The production chemical is calcium oxide (CaO). CaCO3 + heating -> CaO + CO2
  • The process involves continuing to add water in a process called moist, which produces hydrated, or slaked lime. Quicklime is less caustic than lime, so it is easier to handle, but less effective per unit of weight than lime, thus less economical. CaO + H2O -> Ca (OH) 2

Industrial quicklime furnace
  • Quicklime has been a very important material since ancient times, used in the construction industry. In addition, quicklime is also widely used in metal refining, in agriculture, in the food industry, and in cement production.

Manual Quicklime production furnace

  • Note:
            + If the burnt rocks are irregular in size, the phenomenon of quicklime and burnt lime is very easy to happend.
          + If calcined  big stones, calcium carbonate will not completely transfer to calcium oxide, resulting in poor quality products, many stones, less plasticity.
             + With small stones or the temperature in the furnace is too large, the resulting calcium oxide will react with clay impurities to become a very hard calcium silicate, calcium aluminate glue film. It cover the particles of lime, making them difficult to hydrolyze in water, quicklime absorbs so much moisture, increasing the volume, making the structure porous and cracked.

The criteria for evaluating quicklime quality:
The quality of quicklime depends on the content of calcium oxide.
  • The activated of lime: Depends on the content of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide. The larger amount, the greater output of quicklime and vice versa.
  • Tempering temperature (the highest temperature of the tempering process) and time (from added to the water until the boiling point reaches the maximum): The greater amount of heat generated, the shorter time, the purer the quicklime, the greater of calcium oxide content. The output of lime will be higher.
  • Quicklime output: The more fine lime is, the better quality of lime. They depend on the content of calcium oxide, temperature, tempering time.
  • The amount of grit grains (unburnt limestone in the lime): The amount of grit is the ratio of grit volume with quicklime volume (the rest grains on the sieve 124 holes / cm2), calculated by %. The less amount of grit grains, the more lime works with water, the more lime is produced.
  • The fineness of quicklime powder
  • The finer quicklime powder, the easier react with water completely, creating more lime.

Classification
 Lime is commonly used in two forms: hydrated lime and quicklime powder.

1. Hydrated lime: Hydrated lime is the lime that is tempered ( putting lime into the water)
CaO + H2O → Ca (OH) 2 + Q 
  • The reaction radiates a lot of heat, the effervescent water, if not careful shot, can cause serious burns. The fumes are white due to the contain of calcium hydroxide grains.
  • Depending on the amount of water that people divided into the following three types of hydrated lime:
- Hydrated lime powder: The amount of water used is equivalent to 70% volume due to water evaporated base on the heat generated from the reaction. The bulk volume of hydrated lime powder ranges from 400-450 kg/m3.
-  Fine lime: The amount of water used is greater than 70% of the volume of lime. The resulting product is a slurry, in which calcium hydroxide accounts for about 50%, the rest is water. The density of fine lime ranges from 1200 to 1400 kg/m3.
- Cream lime: The amount of water used is greater than the amount of water used for fine lime. The resulting product is a slurry in which calcium hydroxide accounts for less than 50%, and the rest is water.

2. Quicklime: lumps and powders 
       To produce quicklime powder, the lumps are grated until they become fine powder. Then they are stored in sealed bags and used like cement.

3. Advantages and disadvantages of hydrated lime and quicklime

  Hydrated limeQuicklime 
 Advantages Easy to preservation and use- Quick stiff.
- High bearing intensity due to take advantage of the heat generated when slaked lime to create silicate reaction.
- Limiting the effects of grit grains, does not waste time.

 Disadvantages- Low bearing intensity.
- Difficult to limit the effects of  burnt grit grains, so it is necessary to carefully screen them before use.

- Difficult to preserve because they are very hygroscopic, reducing the quality of lime
- To produce, the number of equipment needs quite a lot, and the generated lime dust has a negative impact on the health of the workers.


Application: The proportion of quicklime used in industries
Application sector                                                               Ratio %                
 Steel refining 31
 Paper 5
 Light Powder 6
 Environment treatment 34
 Construction 10
 Other (Chemicals, food etc) 14

  • In construction sector such as house, school, public works, etc. Cream lime, fine lime or quicklime used popular. People proceed to mix lime, sand, cement, water in a certain proportion, become a mixture of mortar. Lime mortar has a high adhesion due to dehydration when it dries out lead to Calcium hydroxide crystallizes at the same time, carbon dioxide in the air causes calcification carbonization, making the mixture solid. In fact industrial lime is one of the widely used chemicals in the manufacturing industry:
1. Using crushed limestone in coal mines to reduce coal dust, thus reducing the risk of explosion.
2. Agriculture: liming fertilizer increases efficiency. When soil becomes acidic, we need to raise the pH of the soil, raise the content of calcium and magnesium, promote microbiological activity.

 
Use lime powder to improve soil

3. Industrial aluminum: Lime helps remove silica from bauxite ore while producing alumina. Used in the production of chemicals such as calcium carbide, propylene oxide, sodium carbonate and glycerine, lime is also a reactant in the production of calcium compounds and is used to adjust pH when needed.
4. Construction industry: Lime is used in the production of silicon lime bricks, insulators and construction materials. Lime is also used in brick mortar and making walls. In addition, lime is also added to concrete and mortar to improve construction performance.
5. Food industry: lime reacts with raw sugar water for the production of both radish and sugar cane. Lime is an ingredient in baking soda and helps keep fruits and vegetables fresh.
6. Industrial wastewater treatment: Lime neutralize acids that create waste in industry, thus preventing corrosion and protecting the natural environment. Lime also removes silicon, manganese, fluoride, iron and other other impurities in the water.
In wastewater treatment plants (including industrial and urban wastewater). Lime is widely used in adjusting the pH in wastewater which contain acid to agglomerate heavy metals and phosphates.
          Lime is commonly used in the treatment of industrial residues, dredged waste from sewers, urban waste treatment before being reused in agriculture or burned into ash.
Lime helps to make waste become coagulated easier in transportation, preventing fermentation, deodorizing and eliminating pathogens. Lime also adds calcium and magnesium, both of which are beneficial when the waste is reused in agriculture.
In addition, lime is also used to treat soils contaminated with hydrogen carbon
            In Liquid Waste:
  •  Lime is used to treat liquid waste, which eliminates dirty colloids, increases the size of dirty impurities and increases the dry matter content in it. This helps the filtration easier and improves the durability of the water separator.
  • Normally, lime is applied where the use of pressure filtration equipment. However, the use of lime makes it possible to clean pathogens by increasing the pH of the waste, preventing fermentation, so that the stink are also eliminated.
7. Exploiting industrial metals: Lime is also used to exploit metals such as copper, mercury, zinc, nickel, gold, lead and silver.
8. Production of paper:
        Manufacturers use lime to restore caustic soda during the conversion of wood chips to pulp. Lime pulp bleaching also dissolves non-cellulose component from straw and decomposes it while producing strawboard and kneading dough.
In the paper industry, lime is often used to regenerate caustic soda from excess sodium carbonate from the pulp manufacturing process. Lime can be used to create additives to increase whiteness, improve the surface as well as reduce transparency. In paper factories, lime is the substance used to soften water 
9. Pollution control: lime and limestone are used to absorb sulfur dioxide from flue gas in smelters and power plants.Lime is used in the emissions treatment process, significantly reducing air pollution levels.
Increasing demand for electricity leads to increased burning of fossil fuels. These fuels contain a lot of sulfur and release them directly into the atmosphere, which is the main cause of acid rain, mass destruction of trees, depleted ponds and destruction the environment.
10. Waste water treatment: Lime reduces pollution by removing organic matter, phosphates and nitrogen from the wastewater. It prevents vegetation on streams and lakes, controls stink from waste ponds and precipitates heavy metals.
Lime plays an important role in wastewater treatment, low cost and high efficiency. Quicklime or hydrated lime can clean acid water, waste from other industrial processing. In addition, lime also removes stink. Lime is ensure to remove a lot of dangerous substances from organic waste, remove heavy metals, pathogens, bacteria and stink.
- Increasing pH in wastewater causing heavy metals to precipitate in the form of hydroxide.
- Precipitation of phosphates and sulphates in wastewater as well as heavy metals in insoluble salts such as Ca3(PO4)2, CaSO4 that are easily obtained
- Neutralizing the colloids in water and concentrating impurities, roling as agglomerates whereby metal salts or similar substances are supplemented.
11. Nonferrous metals industry:
- Lime is often used in the selection of sulfide ores to help obtain metal on demand. This application is deployed in the industries that exploit lead, gold, nickel, zinc and copper.
- Lime has the ability to increase and control the pH in cyanide reducing solutions in gold and silver. Due to the ability to adjust the pH, lime plays a role in maintaining the cyanide solution in liquid state, avoiding the formation of gas cyanide and escaping to the environment.
- In the process of accumulation, crushed limestone with low sulfur content and alkalinity is used with powdered lime to sinter iron ore.
Lime is used as a flow to refine and remove steel, phosphorus and silicon impurities
 
Industrial lime is an indispensable material in the steel industry
Lime lubricates rods as they are drawn through the mold to created wires. Creating a coating layer, lime prevents the ingot from sticking to the molds during the casting process. Lime neutralized pickling acids for steel products. 
12. Lime removed hair and skin prepared for leather tanneries.
13. Water treatment: lime clean industrial water, including drinking water for municipalities and treated water used in industry. It softens water by removing bicarbonate hardness and disinfectant against bacteria.
  • Water source treatment: In the treatment of water and drinking water, lime is used to adjust the pH and purify water.
  • In clean water treatment products, lime is a highly economical substance, which reduces the hardness of water by precipitating substances containing acid carbonate and removing them.
  • Drinking water needs to be pure. Lime plays a very important role in purifying water, helping to remove organic impurities and metal-containing components in water.
  • Lime helps soften and supplement minerals for drinking water.
  • Minerals Supplement: When the water is too soft (too much acid), lime will act as a reducing substance, removing carbonic acid from the water, converting it into calcium as the following chemical reaction:
H2O + Ca(OH)2 lime milk + 2O2-> Ca (HCO3) 2 dissolved + H2O 
  • Carbon reduction: When the water is too hard to create sediment, lime will play the role of carbon separator according to the following chemical reaction:
Ca (OH) 2 lime milk + Ca (HCO3) 2 dissolved-> 2CaCO3 insoluble + 2 H2O
  •  Adjust the pH: Lime is more effective than other alkaline products in the production of clean water under ground.
  • The use of lime to adjust the pH in water is also the most important effect of lime.
  • Water treatment: Today, many industries use soft water to cool work systems and boilers, prevent scaling etc. 
  • Most water treatment techniques use dilute lime. By precipitating acid carbonate components in water, the water softener method will help prevent high scaling effectively and economically.

Please contact us for advice and best quotes:
Son Phuoc Dinh., JSC
Tel/Whatsapp: +84 983 383 286 
Email: sonphuocdinhjsc@gmail.com